Objective: To investigate the efficacy of clostridium butyricum triple viable bacterial powders and aerosol inhalation in the treatment of capillary bronchitis and influences on immunoprotein. Methods: A total of 108 patients with capillary bronchitis in our hospital from May 2015 to December 2017 were selected, they were divided into the observation group (n=50) and the control group (n=58) according to the treatment methods, the control group was given routine clinical treatment of aerosol inhalation, anti-infection and cough phlegm, the observation group was given clostridium butyricum triple viable bacterial powders on this basis, clinical effect and immunoprotein related indexes of the two groups were compared after treatment, adverse reactions during the treatment were recorded. Results: Clinical symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea, rale) extinction time, hospital stay of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05). Clinical total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (72.00%, P<0.05). After treatment, IgG, IgA and IgM levels of the two groups were all significantly increased (P<0.05), while IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, IL-17, IL-23 levels of the two groups were all declined (P<0.05), while IL-17, IL-23 levels in the observation group declined more significantly than the control group (P<0.05). There was no severe adverse reactions occurred during the treatment in the two groups. Conclusion: Clostridium butyricum triple viable bacterial powders and aerosol inhalation have good clinical effect on the treatment of capillary bronchitis, which can significantly improve the inflammatory reaction and immunologic function, with certain safety. It is worthy of being one of the suitable treatments for children with bronchiolitis.