Objective: To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of acute and chronic lumbar intervertebral degenerative lumbar spine disease with the aid of minimally invasive spine endoscope system. Methods: The research objects of this experiment selected 84 cases of lumbar diseases in our hospital from February 2014 to October 2015 admissions of patients. In accordance to the order of the patient’s file included and the patient’s will, the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, and there were 42 patients in each group. Patients in the observation group were treated with minimally invasive endoscopic system assisted TLIF therapy, and patients in the control group were treated with modified TLIF therapy with open spinal endoscopy. The operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative drainage time and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. At the same time observed and compared Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and fusion of intervertebral bone graft in patient of the two groups before and after surgery. Results: There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups (P>0.05). The amount of bleeding, postoperative drainage, and lower time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bone graft fusion rate between the two groups after operation of 6 months (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the VAS score and ODI score between the two groups (P>0.05). After 1 week of operation, the VAS and ODI scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before the operation (P<0.05). And after 1 week of operation, the VAS and ODI scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the treatment group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the VAS and ODI scores between the two groups after 6 months of operation (P<0.05). There were no complications such as intervertebral space infection and nerve root injury in the two groups. Conclusion: For patients with acute and chronic lumbar disease lumbar spine injury, minimally invasive spinal endoscopy assisted by TLIF treatment, patients having surgical trauma, less blood loss and rapid recovery of the clinical features, the long-term availability of traditional open surgery the same clinical effect, it is minimally invasive endoscopic spine system improvement TLIF assisted therapy worthy of clinical using.