Objective: To investigate the effects of health education based on health promotion model on lifestyle of patients with peptic ulcer. Methods: The health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP-Ⅱ) and self-made compliance questionnaire on lifestyle for peptic ulcer were used to survey 106 cases with peptic at 6-month after discharge from Jan 2012 to Dec 2014. They were divided into experimental group underwent health education based on HPM (n=52) and control group underwent traditional health education (n=54). Results: 49 cases (94.23%) in experimental group and 53 cases (98.15%) in the control group completed 6-month follow-up and questionnaire. In the experimental group, the scores of health-promoting lifestyle, health responsibility, nutrition and pressure handing were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The difference in the physical activity, interpersonal relationship, and self-actualization between the two groups were not found (all P>0.05). The scores of compliance questionnaire on lifestyle, avoiding or limiting sweets, limiting dressing, avoiding excessive tension and keeping enough sleep in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). No differences in the scores of regular eating, balance nutrition, avoiding irritable or indigestive food between the two groups were found (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Health education based on HPM can improve health behavior and promote the compliance of lifestyle for peptic ulcer.