Objective: To explore the clinicopathologic features of proliferative fasciitis (PF). Methods: Case 1 was a 74-yearold man with a nodular for 1 week in the right submandibular region. Case 2 was a 71-year-old woman with a nodular for 1 week in the left neck region, which enlarged rapidly during the past 3 days. The histological and immunological phenotype in the 2 patients with PF was studied and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: Macroscopically, the tumor was composed of variable spindle cells in condense or in loose region. Spindle cells in condense region were braided and storiform. In loose region, the strapped spindle cells were embedded in collagen and myxoid stroma, which arranged in zone, and the ganglion-like cells were observed in some areas. Immunochistochemically, the staining of vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), caldesmon and calpoinin was positive in the spindle cells, and the staining of soluble protein-100 (S-100) and cluster of differenation 34 (CD34) was negative in the Case 1. Meanwhile, the staining of vimentin and SMA was positive in the spindle cells, and the staining of cytokeratin (CK), S-100, human melanoma-related antibody 45 (HMB45) and CD34 was negative in the Case 2. The positive rate of Ki-67 was below 2% in the two patients. Conclusion: PF is a rare benign lesion, and surgical operation is main treatment. Because of its clinical and pathological features, the PF is misdiagnose with the malignant tumor and accepts radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so it is important to improve our knowledge and diagnosis ability.