Vascular calcification is a common feature of diseases including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and hypertensive disease. It is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, some scientists have found that miRNAs may play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of vascular calcification by regulating the phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). In this article, we focus on miRNAs and their relevance to VSMC phenotype transformation or vascular calcification. Whether some miRNAs could be served as diagnostic markers or therapeutic strategies for vascular calcification is also discussed.