The treatment for septal cartilage of nose defect is difficult, as the capacity of septal cartilage’s repair and reconstruction is limited. With the development of the discipline of cartilage tissue engineering, tissue-engineered cartilage reconstruction has been initially used in clinical transplantation to repair cartilage defects. The role of the extracellular matrix in cartilage tissue engineering is important. Related growth factors can improve septal chondrocyte proliferation and promote the secretion of extracellular matrix. Three -dimensional growth systems provide structural support for septal chondrocyte and growth factors, and thus improve the secretion of extracellular matrix. All of these have become a common subject in the research of cartilage tissue engineering. In this paper, the research and progress on the role of extracellular matrix of septal cartilage in cartilage tissue engineering are reviewed.