结核疫苗的研究进展
| 作者: |
1李莘,
1王咏梅
1 天津市海河医院病理科，天津市呼吸疾病研究所，国家中医药管理局中医药防治传染病重点研究室，天津 120000 |
| 通讯: |
李莘
Email: x_li2012@hotmail.com |
| DOI: | 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2016.01.016 |
摘要
结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引发的一种传染病。1882年，结核分枝杆菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis，Mtb)由Robert Koch发现，至今仍是致人类死亡主要病原体之一。更可怕是，多重耐药(MDR)和广泛耐药(XDR) Mtb患病率的明显增加。上世纪90年代，世界卫生组织(World Health Organization，WHO)宣布结核病处于全球性紧急状态。结核病的最佳预防措施是接种疫苗，但是卡介苗(bacille Calmette-Guérin，BCG)对成人的保护效力不完全。随着Mtb基因序列的检测成功，疫苗的研究取得了重大的进展，已经有十几种候选疫苗准备或已进人体临床试验阶段。当前热门的候选疫苗包括重组BCG疫苗、减毒Mtb活疫苗和亚单位疫苗等。本文将从这些方面进行综述。
关键词：
结核病
疫苗
卡介苗
Research progress of mycobacterium tuberculosis and vaccination
CorrespondingAuthor: LI Xin Email: x_li2012@hotmail.com
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2016.01.016
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a kind of epidemic disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb was discovered by Robert Koch in 1882, remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. What is more, the morbidity of MDR and XDR Mtb is increasing. Tuberculosis is a global emergency announced by The World Health Organization (WHO) in last 90s. The best prevention is receiving vaccine, but Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) does not have a whole protective effect in adults. After the M.tuberculosis genome was published, great improvements are attained as several vaccine candidates are in the clinical trial process, such as recombinant BCGs, subunit vaccines. This article will do a review concerning these respects.