miRNA的检测方法概述
| 作者: |
1李万琴,
2贺荣芳,
3甘润良
1 南华大学医学院病理学硕士研究生，湖南 衡阳 421001 2 南华大学附属第一医院病理科，湖南 衡阳 421001 3 南华大学医学院肿瘤所，湖南 衡阳 421001 |
| 通讯: |
甘润良
Email: ganrunliang@163.com |
| DOI: | 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2015.07.040 |
| 基金: | 国家自然科学基金, 81372134 |
摘要
miRNA是一种由19~22个成熟的核苷酸组成的小分子非编码RNA(non-coding RNA molecules，ncRNAs)。迄今为止，miRNA在所有动植物中都有发现，它们约占所有基因组的4%。miRNA已被证明在生命的正常生长发育中起作用，它还与人类许多疾病如癌症、心脑血管疾病等相关。每个miRNA在特定的器官、组织或细胞中的确切作用和功能仍有待研究。然而，miRNA很短，这成为检测它的一个限制因素。因此，无论是在组织或细胞水平上，敏感的miRNA检测方法的发展都将成为miRNA生物学的一个重要里程碑。本文对miRNA检测方法进行了总结，重点介绍能应用于病理标本的miRNA检测方法及其它一些有效检测方法，为进一步研究miRNA的表达和功能提供技术支持。
关键词：
miRNA检测
原位杂交
聚合酶链反应
微阵列
新一代测序技术
Overview of miRNA detection methods
CorrespondingAuthor: GAN Runliang Email: ganrunliang@163.com
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2015.07.040
Abstract
Micrornas are a kind of mature from 19 to 22 nucleotides of small non-coding RNA molecules (ncRNAs). They have now been found in all animals and plants studied to date, representing about 4% of the genomes. miRNAs has been shown to play a role in the normal growth and development of life as well as many human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease. The exact role of each miRNA in each specific organ, tissue or cell is yet to be investigated. The small size of the miRNAs, however, has been a limiting factor to detect it. Therefore, development of sensitive detection methods for miRNAs, both at the tissue and the cellular level, has been an important milestone in miRNA biology. This article concluded miRNA detection methods, focuses on the methods which are used for pathological specimens and some effective detection methods, to provide a further technical support for miRNAs detection.