Objective: To explore the status quo of the occupational identity of in-service nurses and its relationship with psychological resilience. Methods: From May 2019 to June 2020, 600 in-service nurses in Tangshan Central Hospital were selected as research subjects. The general information questionnaire, the Nurse Professional Identity Scale (PIS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used for the analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to analyze the correlation between the CD-RISC total score and the PIS total score, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of in-service nurses’ professional identity. Results: The total score of PIS of 600 in-service nurses was 94.08±12.89, and the total score of CD-RISC was 75.42±13.14. Female, older age, longer nursing experience, higher technical title, formal establishment, higher monthly income, and lower frequency of night shifts had higher PIS total scores (all P<0.05). In-service nurses’ CD-RISC total score and tenacity, optimism, and strength dimension scores were positively correlated with PIS total score (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, nursing age, labor relationship, income, night shift frequency, and CD-RISC total score were all influencing factors of nurses’ professional identity (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The occupational identity of in-service nurses in Tangshan Central Hospital is at a medium level; gender, nursing age, labor relationship, income, night shift frequency, and level of psychological resilience are all influencing factors of nurses’ occupational identity. Psychological resilience is positively correlated with professional identity of in-service nurses.