Objective: To study the efficacy of gabapentin combined with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and its effects on serum inflammatory factors, sleep and negative emotions. Methods: A total of 160 PHN patients admitted to Xingtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2018 to October 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and were divided into an observation group and a control group according to random number table method, each group with 80 patients. The control group was treated with gabapentin capsule, and the observation group was treated with PRF on the basis of the control group. The treatment lasted for 2 weeks in both groups. The changes of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) before treatment and 1 and 2 weeks after treatment were compared between the 2 groups, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared. Results: At after treatment 1 and 2 weeks, the VAS score, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, AIS score, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Gabapentin combined with PRF have obvious efficacy in the treatment of PHN patients, which can effectively reduce the expression of serum inflammatory factors, and positively improve the sleep quality and negative emotions of patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.