Objective: Vascular bone cement leakage is a major cause of lead to pulmonary embolism, the serious complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). How to reduce the occurrence of vascular leakage has been a hot topic of clinical physician. In this study, by observing the occurrence of bone cement leakage during the percutaneous vertebroplasty of using different injection sites, thus discussing the influence on the occurring of vascular bone cement leakage. Method: From June 2009 to June 2014, included 66 osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture patients in percutaneous vertebroplasty, 18 males and 48 females (60-82 years, average 71.2 years old), a total of 71 vertebral bodies. The bone cement insertion site of group A (36 vertebral bodies) is lower half of vertebral body, the insertion site of group B (35 vertebral bodies) is upper half of vertebral body. According to the injection volume of bone cement, the X-ray to analyse vascular leakage of bone cement and postoperative long-dated curative effect. Result: Vascular leakage of 11 vertebral bodies was happened. The incidence of vascular leakage is 5.56% in group A (2 vertebral bodies), the incidence of vascular leakage is 25.76% in group B (9 vertebral bodies). The injection volume of bone cement and postoperative long-dated curative effect in group A is better than that of group B. There was statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The risk of incidence of vascular leakage could be reduced and the postoperative long-dated curative effect could be better when the insertion site was located in the lower half of vertebral body.