Objective: To observe the clinical characteristics and treatment effect of the patients with localized and extensive aggressive periodontitis. Methods: Eighty patients with periodontitis treated in our department from May 2014 to May 2015 were selected for the study, and 40 cases of patients with localized and extensive aggressive periodontitis. Observed the clinical characteristics of patients with different types of periodontitis, and analyzed the factors affecting the therapeutic effect of aggressive periodontitis. Results: The percentage of plaque, bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth in extensive aggressive periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those in localized group. The levels of NEU%, WBC and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, hs-CRP, PCT and TNF-α) were significantly higher than those in patients with extensive invasive periodontitis. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of periodontitis, periodontal status, smoking, and whether the use of systemic therapy were the risk factors for the treatment of patients with aggressive periodontitis, the OR rate were 4.435, 7.952, 3.281, 5.283. Conclusion: The periodontal status and inflammation related laboratory index of the patients with extensive type of aggressive periodontitis were more limited than those of the localized type, and the type of periodontitis, periodontal status, smoking, and whether the use of systemic therapy are important factors in the treatment of patients with aggressive periodontitis.