By collecting the clinical information of the patient, performing HE slides, immunohistochemistry and gene detection of the tissue, and combining the relevant literature, we summarized the clinical features, immunohistochemistry and differential diagnosis of superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) from other diseases. A 54-year-old male patient with a right abdomen mass was found by accident. The tumor was resected and biopsied. The boundary of the mass was clear and there was no capsule. Under the microscope, the mass was located in the deep dermis. The boundary of tumor was relatively clear, and it was composed of spindle cells, fat spindle cells and polygonal cells, which were arranged in bundles or sheets. There were some areas full of bizarre or polymorphic nuclei. The cytoplasm of some tumor cells is vacuolated and xanthoma-like. But mitosis was rare. Lymphocytes were scattered or focally infiltrated in stroma. Immunohistochemistry: CD117 (−), CD34 (+), CD68 (few +), desmin (focal area +), SMA (−), β-catenin (cytoplasm +), MyoD1 (−), Ki-67 (1% +), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed PRDM10 translocation. Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor is a new subtype of fibroblastic tumor discovered. The typical characteristic  is CD34 diffuse positive, but the histological morphology is similar to other mesenchymal tumors, so with the help of the PRDM10, we can distinguish SCPFT from atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), epithelioid sarcoma (ES) and other soft tissue tumors. Improving the understanding of the disease and ascertaining accurately diagnose of the disease are essential for clinical treatment.