Objective: To analyze the influences of glucocorticoid therapy on the states of immune and inflammation and prognosis in patients with septic shock to provide basis for optimizing the clinical treatment plan. Methods: A total of 160 patients with septic shock from January 2018 to August 2020 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a study group and a control group with random number table method, 80 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with routine treatment, while the patients in the study group were treated with low dose and long course of glucocorticoid on the basis of routine treatment. The prognosis between the two groups was compared, and the changes of immune and inflammation indexes were detected and analyzed at admission and 7 days after treatment. Results: The 28- and 90-day mortality rates in the study group were 10% and 18.75%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05); at 7 days after treatment, the immune and inflammation indexes of the two groups were both improved, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The decreases of serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the study group were (158.35±23.55) pg/mL, (88.16±9.38) pg/mL and (62.25±7.06) pg/mL respectively; the increases of CD3⁺ T lymphocyte count and CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood were (113.35±15.67)×10⁶/L and (89.04±18.12)×10⁶/L, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: For the patients with septic shock, the application of low-dose glucocorticoid on the basis of full routine treatments can effectively correct the immune imbalance and excessive inflammatory response of the body, and has a positive effect on improving prognosis.