Objective: To investigate the effect of negative pressure suction of preoperative cupping on the survival rate of rabbit flap. Methods: Ten New Zealand rabbits were selected, and 4 skin flaps were designed on the back of each rabbit. According to the principle of self-control, the left anterior and right posterior back flaps (n=20) were used as the experimental group, and the right anterior and left posterior back flaps (n=20) were used as the control group. In the experimental group, skin flaps were pretreated with cupping every day for seven days before operation. The control group did not undergo any preconditioning. Skin temperature was measured before and after cupping in the experimental group. The survival rate of skin flap was compared between the two groups. HE staining and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemical staining were observed. Results: The skin temperature after negative pressure suction of cupping was significantly higher than that before cupping (P<0.05). Seven days after operation, the flap survival rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). HE staining showed the formation of large new capillaries in the skin flap tissue of the experimental group, and VEGF immunohistochemical staining showed a lot of brown-yellow granules in the skin flap tissue of the experimental group, both of which were superior to those of the control group. The level of VEGF of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative negative pressure suction of cupping in donor area can improve the survival rate of rabbit transplanted skin flap, and the mechanism is related to the promotion of VEGF expression.