Objective: To explore the influences of the introduction, situation, background, assessment and recommendation (ISBAR) structured communication mode on handover and nursing quality in neurosurgery intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: A total of 239 patients who received ISBAR structured communication mode in NICU of the hospital from July to December 2020 were enrolled as observation group; 243 patients who received routine nursing from January to June 2020 were enrolled as control group. The incidence of handover problems, handover time and the time needed for transferring patients to general wards were compared between the two groups. The incidences of adverse events, nurses’ understanding of patients’ conditions, and patients’ family members’ satisfaction with nursing were observed. Results: Compared with the control group, the incidence of handover problems was lower, and the handover time and the time needed for transferring patients to general wards were shorter in the observation group (P<0.05). The observation group had higher scores than the control group in terms of nurses’ understanding of patients’ conditions, previous medical history, consciousness and gastrointestinal function (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The family member satisfaction score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: ISBAR structured communication mode can effectively improve nurses’ understanding of patients’ condition, shorten the handover time, reduce incidence of handover problems, effectively reduce the incidence of adverse events, shorten the time to discharge patients from NICU wards, and significantly improve the handover effect and nursing quality. Therefore, it is worthy of promotion and application in nursing management of NICU.