Objective: To explore the influencing factors and clinical prevention and control strategies of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer, in order to reduce the pain of patients and improve the prognosis. Methods: A total of 180 cases of lung cancer patients in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and all of them received lung cancer surgery. The single factor of postoperative pulmonary infection was analyzed, and the related influencing factors of pulmonary infection were analyzed by logistic regression, and the targeted clinical prevention and control strategies were formulated. Results: Among 180 patients with lung cancer, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was 9.44% (17/180) and they were included in the study group. According to the degree of infection, they were divided into 3 cases of mild (17.65%), 9 cases of moderate (52.94%) and 5 cases of severe (29.41%). The remaining 163 patients without pulmonary infection were included in the control group. Single factor analysis showed that: the patients in the two groups were over 60 years old, with long operation time, invasive operation, combined with chronic diseases and incision pain there is significant difference through statistical analysis and comparison (P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that: the patients in the two groups were over 60 years old, with incision pain, diabetes mellitus and COPD were the independent factors (P<0.05). Therefore, the prevention and control strategies of ward environment care, diet and exercise guidance, early enteral nutrition support, oral care, prophylactic use of antibiotics and so on were formulated. Conclusion: Lung cancer patients with advanced age, postoperative incision pain, diabetes mellitus and COPD are more likely to have postoperative pulmonary infection. We need to take effective clinical prevention and control strategies to avoid postoperative pulmonary infection and improve prognosis.