Objective: To investigate the first manifestation, treatment status, and pregnancy outcome of pregnant women with Listeria monocytogenes infection and to provide clinical guidance. Methods: A total of 56 pregnant women with Listeria monocytogenes infection were selected from January to December 2019. The characteristics, manifestations, treatment and prognosis of Listeria monocytogenes infection during pregnancy were summarized by retrospective analysis. Results: Of the 56 pregnant women, blood culture was positive in 36 cases, vaginal secretion culture was positive in 25 cases. The first manifestations were prenatal premature rupture of membranes, threatened premature delivery, prenatal fever, fetal distress and so on. Of the 56 pregnant women, 36 live births, the rate of live births was 64.29% (36/56). Ten cases were full term and 26 cases were premature delivery. Of the 16 cases of fetal death, 4 were miscarried. Of the 36 live births, 6 pregnant women gave birth in term of anti-infective therapy. Of the 30 infected newborns, 10 cases were cured/improved, 5 deaths, 15 patients gave up treatment. Conclusion: Pregnancy with Listeria infection can significantly increase the risk of premature delivery, causing a still birth or miscarriage, a higher risk of maternal and child co-infection. Therefore, if the pregnant woman has fever, fetal distress or threatened abortion, we need to watch out for Listeria infection, in order to avoid adverse effects on pregnancy outcome and neonatal prognosis.