With the development of the aging of the world’s population, the incidence of fibrosis-related cardiovascular diseases has increased every year, which has attracted wide attention of scholars. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a disease characterized by excessive proliferation, collagen deposition and abnormal distribution of fibroblasts in extracellular matrix (ECM). It is a common pathological manifestation of the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases to the end. Its pathogenesis is diversified (such as activation of the RAAS system, TGF-β, etc.). Signal transduction pathways are complex, and are closely related to systemic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and thyroid diseases. Studying the pathogenesis of MF helps prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and provides ideas for treatment. However, the mechanism of MF is complicated and has not yet been fully elucidated.