Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology. The prevalence of ASD is increasing year by year. It has become a serious public health problem. Some nutrients may be related to the occurrence and development of ASD, and some nutrient deficiencies have become one of the potential risk factors of ASD. Therefore, nutritional supplement therapy for ASD has attracted much attention. Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, vitamin A, vitamin B12, folic acid, zinc, iron and other nutrients are extremely important for brain development and the entire life cycle. The pathogenesis of ASD is the interaction of environmental factors and genes. And ASD has obvious heterogeneity, so the lack of these nutrients may be one of the key factors of the disease, and can aggravate the core symptoms of ASD. In addition, probiotics regulate brain function through the brain-gut axis. If the regulation is unbalanced, it may lead to central nervous system diseases.