Objective: To explore the application of health education based on personal and family self-management theory in patients undergoing cerebrovascular intervention therapy. Methods: A total of 150 patients with ischemia stroke who received cerebrovascular examination and intervention therapy in General Hospital of Anhui Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group from January 2019 to June 2020 were enrolled as the research objects. They were divided into the control group (routine nursing) and the observation group (routine nursing combined with health education nursing based on personal and family self-management theory) through random number table method, with 75 cases in each group. Barthel index, scores of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), self-care ability, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) before and after nursing, mastery to health knowledge of cerebrovascular diseases after nursing were compared between the two groups. Results: The mastery rate of health knowledge in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [93.33% (70/75) vs 82.67% (62/75), P<0.05]. After 3 months of nursing, level of health knowledge, scores of self-care ability, self-concept and self-care responsibility in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). RSS score and Barthel index in observation group were higher than those in control group, while scores of HAMD and HAMA were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Health education based on personal and family self-management theory is beneficial to improve the mastery to health knowledge in patients undergoing cerebrovascular intervention therapy, strengthen their daily self-care ability and self-care ability, improve their mood and increase scores of self-esteem status.