Objective: To explore the effect of lanthanum carbonate therapy on maintenance hemodialysis and its effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), coronary artery calcification score (CACs), and provide basis of diagnosis and treatment for patients. Methods: Eighty patients with maintenance hemodialysis hyperphosphatemia admitted from June 1, 2019 to December 1, 2019 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group (40 cases in each group). The control group was treated with calcium acetate capsules, and the observation group was treated with lanthanum carbonate on this basis. The effect was compared after 3 months of treatment; changes of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, calcification score, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C reactive protein (CRP), and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were recorded before and after treatment, and adverse reactions were counted. Results: After the treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 92.50%, significantly higher than that in the control group (75.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, the blood calcium, blood phosphorus, CACs, and iPTH of the two groups were significantly reduced, and those in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, the IL-6, TNF-α and CRP of the two groups were significantly decreased, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Lanthanum carbonate has an obvious effect in the treatment of maintenance hemodialysis, which can effectively improve the levels of blood calcium, blood phosphorus, iPTH, CACs and micro-inflammatory state of patients, with high safety and worthy of clinical promotion and application.