Objective: To investigate the effect of prostate artery embolization (PAE) on laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in patients with large-volume prostate cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 68 patients with prostate cancer who received laparoscopic radical prostatectomy at the Department of Urological of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from March 2015 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The prostate volume was ≥80 mL, and the clinical stages were T2. Among them, 36 patients underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy 8 weeks after prostate puncture, which was recorded as laparoscopic group (n=36); another 32 patients received PAE treatment first after prostate puncture, and then laparoscopic radical prostatectomy 8 weeks later, which was recorded as PAE + laparoscopic group (n=32). Transrectal color ultrasound was used to observe the change of prostate volume in the PAE + laparoscopic group, and to evaluate the safety of PAE. Meanwhile, perioperative indexes such as operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative indwelling catheterization time and hospitalization time were compared between the two groups. The incidence of surgical complications, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were also compared between the two groups. Results: In the PAE + laparoscopic group, there was no abnormal discomfort during PAE, and the safety was better. The prostate volume after 8 weeks of PAE decreased by 47.82% on average compared with that during needle biopsy. There was a statistically significant difference in prostate volume before and after PAE (t=31.071, P<0.05); the operation time, indwelling catheterization time and hospitalization time of PAE + laparoscopic group were significantly shorter than those of the laparoscopic group, and the intraoperative hemorrhage volume was significantly less than that of the laparoscopic group (t=9.882, 23.666, 9.862, 13.677, all P<0.05). The complication rate of the PAE + laparoscopic group (6.25%) was significantly lower than that of the laparoscopic group (25.00%; χ2=4.392, P<0.05); the IPSS score of the PAE + laparoscopic group before radical operation was significantly lower than that before needle biopsy (P<0.05), and also significantly lower than that of the laparoscopic group (t=9.983, P<0.05); the levels of total PSA (t-PSA) and free PSA (f-PSA) in the two groups were significantly lower than those on the day of needle biopsy (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of t-PSA and f-PSA between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: PAE 8 weeks before laparoscopic radical prostatectomy can significantly reduce the volume of prostate, the difficulty of operation and the incidence of complications, and relieve the symptoms of prostate cancer. It can be used as an effective method to assist with radical prostatectomy.