Coronary microvascular dysfunction is a potential cause of myocardial ischemia and is related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. At present, the methods to evaluate coronary microvascular dysfunction include invasive coronary microvascular function detection, myocardial contrast echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and other non-invasive examination, which are not widely used due to the factors of price, technology, and so on. In contrast, some biomarkers are not only easy to obtain, low in cost, but also greatly reduce the damage to patients, providing an ideal choice for the management of patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction in outpatient and inpatient departments. A variety of biomarkers have been found to have potential application value in the management of microvascular disease. This article reviews the research progress of biomarkers for coronary microvascular dysfunction.