Objective: To explore the anxiety and depression before operation in patients under the epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: With the application of a cross-sectional survey method, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), a qustionnare survey was performed in 233 patients who underwent elective surgery from February 1 to March 10, 2020 in the third-class A hospital in Zhuzhou City. Results: The preoperative anxiety score of patients under the epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia was 46.24±6.52, and the depression score was 50.16±7.97, which was significantly higher than the domestic norm (P<0.05). Worrying about the degree of infection, family’s concern, concerning about the epidemic and the tension of delaying surgery were not only important factors leading to patients ‘preoperative anxiety, but also the main factors leading to patients’ preoperative depression (P<0.05). In addition, age and marriage were the influencing factors of patients’ preoperative anxiety. Conclusion: In the epidemic of new coronavirus pneumonia, there are different degrees of anxiety and depression in patients before surgery, and the influencing factors of anxiety and depression are not the same. Therefore, medical staff should provide patients with targeted psychological care before surgery.