Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that is associated with a variety of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. It is known that EBV infection in the body mainly includes a series of biological cycles such as primary infection, latent infection, and lytic infection. EBV invades the host cell through the CD21 independent/independent pathway on the cell membrane. The circularized virus terminal repeat sequence combines with the nucleosome to form a free gene. The modification results in the methylation and demethylation of specific DNA sequences, regulating the virus from latent infection to The conversion of lysis; a separate EBV genome is formed by the viral DNA rolling circle replication model, and EBV-infected cells transfer mRNA to target cells under the exosomes, resulting in in vivo transmission. In-depth study of the mechanism by which EBV invades host cells and their replication, expression, release, and infection of surrounding cells can provide new clues to prevent EBV from spreading in vivo and inhibit infection.