Objective: To analyze the effect of family care strategy based on cultural identity on the rate of secondary catheter placement and quality of care in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis after catheter drainage, and to accumulate evidence-based experience for high-quality care and care for these special groups. Methods: Forty-three patients with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTCD) acute calculus cholecystitis who were treated in First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to December 2017 were named as a control group and carried out traditional nursing. The 43 cases of PTGD or PTCD acute calculus cholecystitis in the hospital from January to December 2018 were named as a study group other. Based on the traditional care of the control group, a family care strategy based on cultural identity was adopted in the study group. The indwelling time, incidence of secondary catheterization, and infection rate at the puncture site were recorded in the two groups; the satisfaction of nursing care was compared between the two groups. Results: In the study group, the duration of indwelling was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of secondary catheterization and infection at the puncture site was smaller than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: For patients with postoperative acute cholecystitis with tube drainage, introducing a family care strategy based on cultural identity can reduce the rate of secondary catheter placement and improve the quality of care.