Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: A total of 440 patients, who underwent ERCP at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019, were enrolled in this study. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively, and the risk factors associated with postoperative pancreatitis were screened and identified by using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: In 440 patients, 39 patients developed pancreatitis after ERCP, yielding a postoperative pancreatitis incidence of 8.86%. Univariate analysis showed that intubation frequency, contrast injection frequency, sphincter dysfunction, and nasal bile duct drainage were closely associated with postoperative pancreatitis (P<0.05). And there was no relationship between age, gender, BMI, jaundice, and anesthesia method and postoperative pancreatitis (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that intubation frequency, contrast injection frequency, sphincter dysfunction, and nasal bile duct drainage were independent risk factors associated with postoperative pancreatitis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intubation frequency, contrast injection frequency, sphincter dysfunction, and nasal bile duct drainage are independent risk factors associated with postoperative pancreatitis. And targeted preventive measures should be made to improve the prognosis.