Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) has gradually developed into a main treatment for localized prostate cancer, and has been widely used for its safety and effectiveness. It is easy to cause serious complications with improper operation due to the local surgical anatomy of the prostate and surrounding structures is complex, adjacent to the rectum and accompanied by important blood vessels, nerves. Therefore, the urologist who operates in this area has thorough knowledge of the anatomical structures if he or she is to provide patients with the best possible result from this surgical endeavor. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical set of anatomical markers that enable physicians to perform operations more efficiently and safely.