Objective: To investigate the effects of evidence-based nursing on occurrence of cardiovascular events and quality of life in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Methods: The retrospective analysis was performed on 135 case data in nephrology department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University: 65 patients who were not given evidence-based nursing from February 2016 to January 2017 (pre-application group) and 70 patients who were given evidence-based nursing from February 2017 to January 2018 (post-application group). The pre-application group was given routine nursing intervention, while post-application group was given evidence-based nursing intervention. The peritoneal dialysis effect, occurrence of cardiovascular events, scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: After intervention, urea clearance index (KT/V), serum albumin and hemoglobin in post-application group were higher than those in pre-application group (all P<0.05). The incidence of cardiovascular events in post-application group was lower than that in pre-application group [11.43% (8/70) vs 26.15% (17/65)] (χ2=4.843, P=0.028). The mortality rate of cardiovascular events in post-application group was lower than that in pre-application group [2.86% (2/70) vs 15.38% (10/65)] (χ2=6.531, P=0.011). After intervention, scores of SAS and SDS in post-application group were lower than those in pre-application group (all P<0.05). After intervention, scores of quality of life in post-operative group were higher than those in pre-application group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The effect of evidence-based nursing intervention is good on patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, which can effectively reduce occurrence of cardiovascular events, and improve their quality of life.