Hypertension is one of the independent risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and its pathogenesis is complicated, including water and sodium retention, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, insulin resistance and sympathetic hyperactivity, etc., and is affected by genetics, environment and other factors. Among them, the abnormal activation of sympathetic nerve can mediate the increase of blood pressure and related target organ damage through immune system and humoral metabolism, which is very important to the occurrence and development of hypertension. Therefore, exploring the relationship between hypertension and sympathetic nerve and expounding the new therapy related to sympathetic nerve is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of hypertension.