Objective: To analyze the effect of optimizing the emergency nursing process in the rescue of patients with chest pain in emergency and its effect on the incidence of adverse events and the success rate of rescue. Methods: A total of 75 patients with chest pain who were treated in the emergency department of our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were randomly divided into the control group (37 cases) and the observation group (38 cases). The routine emergency nursing process was applied to the control group. In the group of patients, the optimized emergency nursing process was applied to the observation group of patients, and the rescue effect, the incidence of adverse events, the success rate of the rescue, and the patient’s satisfaction with the nursing work were observed and compared. Results: The clinical indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group, with significant differences (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events (5.26%) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (40.54%). The rescue success rate in the observation group (97.37%) was high. In the control group (81.08%), the difference was significant (P<0.05); the patient satisfaction in the observation group was 94.74%, which was higher than 75.68% in the control group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the emergency department, the rescue treatment of patients with chest pain and the implementation of optimized emergency nursing procedures can not only shorten the rescue time, but also reduce the incidence of adverse events. The rescue success rate and patient satisfaction with nursing work are high, with a higher promotion value.