Objective: To investigate the effect of bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets on newly diagnosed overweight type 2 diabetes on blood glucose, blood lipid and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Methods: Newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients who were diagnosed from January 2019 to June 2019 were selected, which met 24.0 kg/m² ≤body mass index (BMI)<28.0 kg/m². The selected patients were randomly divided into two groups according to 1:1, and the control group was 50 cases, observation group of 50 cases. Both groups were given basic treatments such as dietary guidance and proper exercise. The control group was given metformin hydrochloride tablets (1 500 mg/day). The observation group was treated with bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets (3 tablets/time, 3 times/day) on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The number of patients included in the 2 groups was counted. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and TLR4 were compared before and after treatment in the 2 groups. Results: During the study, 7 patients were withdrawn from the control group, 5 patients were withdrawn from the observation group, 43 patients were eventually included in the control group, and 45 patients were included in the observation group. After 3 months of treatment, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, TG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and TLR4 decreased in the 2 groups, HDL-C was higher than before, and the observation group decreased/increased significantly (all P<0.05). The TC and LDL-C of the 2 groups were lower than before, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups after treatment (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The bifidobacterium tetragenous viable bacteria tablets supplemented oral hypoglycemic agent is good for the overweight type 2 diabetes patients, and can improve blood sugar and blood lipid levels, ae well as reduce TLR4 levels, which has a certain clinical significance.