Objective: To investigate the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing based on nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) nutritional assessment on the nutritional status and prognosis of patients with dysphagia after stroke, and to provide relevant guidance for clinical nursing of patients. Methods: A total of 109 patients with post-stroke dysphagia who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from March 2018 to September 2019 were selected as subjects. Patients were divided into an observation group (56 cases) and a control group (53 cases) according to the random single and even number grouping method. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing intervention, and patients in the observation group were given comprehensive rehabilitation care based on NRS2002 nutritional assessment. After 3 weeks of nursing, the nutritional status, degree of neurological impairment [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)] score and adverse prognosis of the 2 groups before and after nursing were observed and compared. Results: After 3 weeks of nursing, the levels of serum prealbumin (PA), serum albumin (ALB), and hemoglobin (Hb) in the 2 groups were increased significantly, and the levels of PA, ALB, and Hb in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(258.81±29.70) g/L vs (226.66±28.20) g/L, (44.54±3.92) g/L vs (39.36±3.77) g/L, (157.30±20.40) g/L vs (133.66±15.58) g/L], the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 3 weeks of nursing, the body mass index, the triceps skin fold thickness and the muscle circumference of the upper arm in the 2 groups were significantly improved, the body mass index, the triceps skin fold thickness and the muscle circumference of the upper arm of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group [(24.61±3.33) kg/m2 vs (20.72±2.68) kg/m2, (19.54±2.82) mm vs (14.56±1.77) mm, (25.34±2.52) mm vs (19.16±2.77) mm], the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 3 weeks of nursing, the NIHSS scores of the 2 groups were significantly reduced, and the NIHSS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group [(8.65±1.14) vs (14.27±1.66)], and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of complication in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (10.71% vs 30.19%), the hospital stay of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(26.36±4.27) d vs (35.42±3.26) d], the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The comprehensive rehabilitation nursing based on NRS2002 nutritional assessment is satisfactory for the nursing effect of patients with dysphagia after stroke, effectively improves the nutritional status of patients, promotes their neurological recovery, and reduces the occurrence of complications, which is worthy of clinical reference and popularization.