文章摘要

限制性液体复苏结合多模式疼痛管理对下肢骨折伴创伤失血性休克患者的影响

作者: 1,2曹粒, 3眭建, 1,2叶向红
1 江苏大学护理学,江苏 镇江 212013
2 泰兴市人民医院骨科,江苏 泰兴 225400
3 江苏大学病理生理学,江苏 镇江 212013
通讯: 眭建 Email: jwcsj@163.com
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2020.07.022

摘要

目的:探讨限制性液体复苏(limited fluid resuscitation,LFR)结合多模式疼痛管理对下肢骨折伴创伤失血性休克(traumatic hemorrhagic shock,THS)患者的恢复情况、压疮发生率及视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)的影响。方法:选取2018年8月至2019年3月泰兴市某三级乙等医院收治的60例下肢骨折伴THS患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和研究组,各30例。两组患者均采用早期充分常规液体复苏治疗,对照组同时给予传统镇痛措施,研究组采用多模式疼痛管理。比较两组患者救治情况、疼痛评分、恢复情况及压疮发生率。结果:1)救治情况比较:研究组抢救成功率、病死率、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)、多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)的发生率与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组复苏时间、输液量、输血量与对照组比较均无明显差异,复苏后两组患者创伤严重度评分(ISS)较治疗前均显著降低,治疗后两组ISS比较无明显差异(P>0.05);对照组与研究组患者复苏后4 h血细胞比容(hematocrit,HCT)、血小板计数(thrombocytocrit,PCT)、血乳酸、凝血酶原时间(PT)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组复苏后4 h的炎症介质肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-10、IL-6均显著低于对照组(P>0.05)。2)恢复情况比较:研究组功能锻炼开始时间、骨折愈合时间均显著短于对照组,患者功能锻炼依从性明显优于对照组(86.67% vs 63.33%,χ2=4.356,P<0.05)。3)VAS比较:研究组入院24 h、手术日、术后第1天、术后第3天的VAS均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)压疮发生率、满意度比较:研究组压疮发生率显著低于对照组,其对住院期间疼痛管理评价和对医务人员的满意度评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对下肢骨折伴THS患者应用LFR的复苏效果显著,能快速而有效地改善患者休克状态,在此基础上联合多模式镇痛管理能有效缓解疼痛,有利于患者术后早期功能锻炼,促进骨折的愈合,同时能有效减少压疮并发症的发生,提高患者对医务人员的满意度,值得临床推广应用。
关键词: 骨折;创伤;失血性休克;限制性液体复苏;疼痛管理;压疮

Effect of limited fluid resuscitation combined with multimodal pain management on patients with lower extremity fracture and traumatic hemorrhagic shock

Authors: 1,2CAO Li, 3SUI Jian, 1,2YE Xianghong
1 Department of Nursing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China
2 Department of Orthopaedics, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing Jiangsu 225400, China
3 Department of Pathophysiology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China

CorrespondingAuthor: SUI Jian Email: jwcsj@163.com

DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2020.07.022

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of limited fluid resuscitation (LFR) combined with multimodal pain management on the recovery, pressure sore incidence and visual analogue scale (VAS) of patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) in lower extremity fractures. Methods: Sixty patients with lower extremity fracture and THS were randomly divided into a control group and a study group with 30 cases in each. Patients in both groups were treated with early full conventional fluid resuscitation. Patients in the control group were given traditional analgesic measures at the same time, while patients in the study group were given multi-mode pain management. The treatment, pain score, recovery and the incidence of pressure sore were compared between the 2 groups. Results: 1) Comparison of rescue: there was no significant difference between the study group and the control group in rescue success rate, mortality rate, ARDS, MODS incidence rate (P>0.05); there was no significant difference between the study group and the control group in resuscitation time, infusion volume, blood transfusion volume (P>0.05). After resuscitation, the ISS of the two groups was significantly lower than before treatment, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups after the treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in HCT, PCT, PLLA and Pt between the control group and the study group (P>0.05); the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P>0.05). 2) Recovery comparison: the start time and fracture healing time of functional exercise in the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the compliance of functional exercise in the study group was significantly better than that in the control group (86.67% vs 63.33%, χ2=4.356, P<0.05). 3) VAS score comparison: the VAS scores of the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). 4) Comparison of the incidence and satisfaction of pressure sore: the incidence of pressure sore in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the evaluation of pain management during hospitalization and the satisfaction score of medical staff were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The effect of limited fluid resuscitation on patients with lower extremity fracture and traumatic hemorrhagic shock is significant. It can improve the shock state of patients rapidly and effectively. On this basis, combined with multi-mode analgesia management can effectively reduce pain relief, help patients to exercise early after operation, promote fracture healing, effectively reduce the occurrence of pressure sore complications and improve the patients’ satisfaction with medical staff is worthy of clinical application.
Keywords: fracture; trauma; hemorrhagic shock; limited fluid resuscitation; pain management; pressure sore

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