Objective: To evaluate the damage degree of pulmonary function after radical resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by uniport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (Uni-VATS) and multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (Mul-VATS). Methods: In July 2017 to February 2019 in the science city of sichuan province hospital thoracic surgery accept vats lobectomy 290 NSCLC patients, observe the 2 groups of patients with operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, pain score, chest-drain duration time, and comparing the preoperative and postoperative forced expiratory volume within 1 second (FEV1), the percent predicted FEV1 (FEV1%), the percent predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) as well as stair-climbing test results in 1 week and 1 month. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between Uni-VATS and Mul-VATS groups in average operation time, blood loss, incidence rate of pleural effusion and pulmonary infection (P=0.392, P=0.263, P=0.145, P=0.356), and significant differences in flatulence, pulmonary atelectasis and chest-drain duration time (P=0.013, P=0.035, P<0.001). Pain scores of the Uni-VATS group were significantly lower than those of the Mul-VATS group on the first and third day after surgery (P=0.002, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference on the seventh day (P=0.059). Pulmonary function comparison between the 2 groups 1 week after surgery showed that the FEV1, the FEV1% and the number of steps in the stair-climbing test in the Uni-VATS group were significantly higher than that in the Mul-VATS group (P=0.042, P=0.044,0. P=033). There was no significant difference in the DLCO% between the 2 groups (P=0.062). Comparison of pulmonary function 1 month after surgery showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.383, P=0.966, P=0.116, P=0.060). Conclusion: Pulmonary function injury after lobectomy in the Uni-VATS group is less severe than that in the Mul-VATS group.