Aspergillus fumigatus is the major causative agent of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Patients with low immune function are more likely to develop this disease with a high mortality rate. Early, accurate diagnosis and treatment are critical to the patient's prognosis. The current diagnostic methods for detecting this fungal infection are conventional mycological examination (direct microscopy, histological examination and culture), imaging, non-media detection of galactomannan, β(1,3)-glucan sugar and extracellular glycoproteins, as well as PCR-based molecular detection, but the sensitivity and specificity of appeal methods are low, so new diagnostic tools and methods have been developed to improve the rapid diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in high-risk patients.