Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated Na+ selective channels. ASICs are widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Under physiological and pathological conditions, ASICs play an important role in the structure and function of the nervous system, and participate in a series of physiological and pathological processes such as pain, learning, fear, and neurodegeneration. ASICs have become an important target for the treatment of analgesia, anxiety, and ischemic stroke. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic progressive diseases characterized by degeneration and loss of neurons, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, etc. With the aging of the population, neurodegenerative diseases have seriously affected the quality of life of the elderly, but there is no effective clinical treatment. A large number of studies have found that ASICs are involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.