Objective: To investigate the effects of puberty anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) exposure on the fertility of adult mice. Methods: Four-week-old female CD-1 mice were divided into a control group and an AMH exposed group. Mice in the AMH exposure group were intraperitoneally injected with exogenous AMH (0.125 mg/kg) twice a week for 4 weeks. Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume normal saline and were given with the same frequency as AMH group. The effects of AMH exposure during puberty on follicular development in mice were examined by histological staining. The effects of AMH on the proliferation of mouse ovarian cells were examined by immunofluorescence assay. Female mice were then mated with fertile male mice, and the litter rate, litter size and litter time within 50 days were recorded. Results: Compared with the control group, the number of preantral follicles in the AMH exposed group were increased, while the number of early antral follicles and antral follicles at preoestrus were decreased significantly; the number of oocytes and corpus luteum at oestrus were decreased significantly. Immunofluorescence results showed that, compare with the control group, the proportion of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells of mouse follicles in AMH exposed group was significantly decreased. After mating with male mice, compared with the control group, the litter yield, litter size and litter time in the AMH exposed group were significantly reduced. Conclusion: Adolescent AMH exposure can significantly reduce the reproductive capacity of adult.