Objective: To understand the clinical status of self-management ability of colon cancer patients undergoing colostomy and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 191 cases of colostomy patients treated in our hospital from January to December 2018 were selected. The general situation questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale and self-management questionnaire of colostomy patients were used to investigate. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results: The self-management score of colostomy patients was 98.34±10.66, which was relatively low. The scoring rates of symptom management, information management and psychological nursing were lower than 60%. Regression analysis showed that age, social support, education level, living alone, stoma care, stoma time and hospitalization times were independent factors affecting self-management scores. A total of 69.5% variance can be explained. Conclusion: The self-management ability of colostomy patients is relatively inadequate. Clinicians and nurses should strengthen the evaluation and formulate targeted health education strategies to improve their disease self-management ability and improve clinical prognosis.