Objective: To investigate the clinical status of health information literacy and self-perceived burden in patients with uterine leiomyoma after interventional surgery, and to analyze the relationship between them. Methods: 169 patients with uterine leiomyoma who underwent interventional therapy in our hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were investigated by general situation questionnaire, self-perceived burden scale and health information literacy self-assessment scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 169 patients were enrolled in this study. The score of self-perceived burden was 32.54±11.11. Among them, 23 (13.6%) had heavy burden, 92 (54.4%) had moderate burden and 54 (32.0%) had light burden. The score of health information literacy was 91.73±13.73. Information morality was the highest dimension, with a scored rate of 76.6%, and information application was the lowest dimension, with a scored rate of 52.9%. Information acquisition, information evaluation, information morality, information application, information cognition and information literacy were negatively correlated with self-perceived burden scores, and the correlation coefficients were −0.394, −0.196, −0.247, −0.185, −0.200, −0.577, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further multiple linear regression analysis showed that all dimensions of health information literacy had independent effects on self-perceived burden, which could explain 32.5% variance. Conclusion: The health information literacy level of patients with uterine leiomyoma after interventional therapy is relatively low and has a serious burden of self-perception. Clinicians and nurses should strengthen health education to improve their health information literacy level, so as to reduce their burden of self-perception.