Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as diabetes that occurs or is first detected during pregnancy. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and maternal check-up rate in China, the detection rate of GDM has also increased significantly, which seriously threatens the health of mother and child. Therefore, research on GDM is becoming more and more important. Studies have shown that the measurement of visceral adipose tissue thickness in early pregnancy can predict glucose homeostasis at 24–28 weeks of gestation, and omentin-1, which is selectively expressed in visceral fat, can promote subcutaneous and subcutaneous omental fat cells have insulin-mediated glucose uptake and phosphorylation of signaling pathways, which effectively improve insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance is an important pathogenesis of GDM. We speculate that visceral fat thickness, serum omentin-1 and GDM There is a correlation between them. This article reviews the progress of visceral fat thickness and serum omentin-1 levels and GDM in pregnant women.