Objective: To investigate the relationship between the early change of TgAb and the therapeutic efficiency in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients after ¹³¹I treatment. Methods: A total of 72 DTC patients with positive TgAb received ¹³¹I therapy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2014 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the effective assessment conducted 12 months after therapy, the results were crafted as complete response, partial response, stable disease and progressive disease. According to the TgAb variation observed 1.5 and 3 months after therapy, patients were divided into decreased group, stable group and increased group. Differences in therapeutic efficiency between the 3 groups were statistically evaluated. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to test the performance of ΔTgAb and ΔTgAb% for prediction of treatment response. Results: The therapeutic efficiency of TgAb-decreased group was significantly higher compared to that of the other two groups. The clinical efficacy of TgAb was statistically significant among the three groups (χ²=22.267, P<0.001). Pomeranged comparison showed that the curative effect of TgAb decreased group was better than that of the stable group and the increased group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the stable group and the increased group (χ²=0.372, P=0.730). Using ROC curve analysis, it was shown that ΔTgAb and ΔTgAb% can be used as prognostic parameter to predict therapy response with an area under the curve of 0.808 and 0.895. The values of sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction and negative prediction were 95.24%, 82.86%, 76.9%, and 96.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The ΔTgAb% between 1.5 months and 3 months after ¹³¹I therapy in DTC patients with positive TgAb may be used to predict treatment response, which can be used as a valuable early predictable parameter.