烧伤患者创面感染的研究进展
| 作者: |
1贾媛,
2赵华兴,
3李行,
1杨思源,
1郭丽敏,
4孟繁洁
1 天津中医药大学研究生院，天津 300000 2 长治市第二人民医院烧伤整形科，山西 长治 046000 3 山西医科大学基础医学部，太原 030000 4 天津中医药大学教师评价与发展中心，天津 300000 |
| 通讯: |
孟繁洁
Email: mfj1127@126.com |
| DOI: | 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2019.03.029 |
摘要
创面感染是烧伤患者最主要的医院感染之一，创面感染延长住院时间导致医疗成本增加，影响患者预后，可引起脓毒血症、败血症、多器官衰竭等严重并发症，甚至可导致患者死亡。烧伤后创面感染阳性率较高，其危险因素有年龄、就诊时间、烧伤面积、烧伤深度、吸入性损伤、早期休克、不合理使用抗生素、住院时间、医疗操作不当等。病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主，最常见的为铜绿假单胞菌与鲍曼不动杆菌等，革兰氏阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌为首位，菌群交替现象严重，且条件致病菌增多，多重耐药菌所占比例越来越高。及时处理并定期检查创面、合理使用抗生素、加强免疫与营养支持治疗，严格执行消毒隔离措施等可有效预防烧伤患者创面感染。
关键词：
烧伤；创面感染；感染；危险因素；病原学；预防
Research progress in wound infection in burn patients
CorrespondingAuthor: MENG Fanjie Email: mfj1127@126.com
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2095-6959.2019.03.029
Abstract
Wound infection is one of the most important nosocomial infections in burn patients. Increasing the length of hospitalization caused by wound infection increases the cost of medical care and affects the prognosis of patients. It can cause serious complications such as sepsis, sepsis and multiple organ failure, and may even lead to serious complications. The patient died. The positive rate of wound infection after burn is high. The risk factors include age, time of treatment, burn area, depth of burn, inhalation injury, early shock, unreasonable use of antibiotics, hospitalization time, improper medical operation, etc. Gram-negative bacteria mainly, the most common ones are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus is the first in Gram-positive bacteria. The alternation of flora is serious, and the number of pathogenic bacteria is increased. The proportion is getting higher and higher. Timely treatment and regular inspection of wounds, rational use of antibiotics, strengthening of immune and nutritional support treatment, strict implementation of disinfection and isolation measures can effectively prevent wound infection in burn patients.
Keywords：
burns; wound infection; infection; risk factors; etiology; prevention