Objective: To explore the mechanism of miR-125a regulates the injury and repair of hypoxia-reoxygenation hepatocytes by targeting growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). Methods: The hypoxia-reoxygenation model of hepatocyte L02 was established; the expression of miR-125a and GDF11 in hypoxia-reoxygenation hepatocytes was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot; the targeting relationship between miR-125a and GDF11 was measured by double fluorescein reporter gene assay; the effects of upregulation of miR-125a and knockdown of GDF11 on hypoxia-reoxygenation hepatocytes were estimated by MTT and flow cytometry; Western blot was performed to the expression of apoptosis factors Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in anoxia reoxygenation hepatocytes. Results: In hypoxic-reoxygenated hepatocytes, the expression of miR-125a was downregulated, while the expression of GDF11 was upregulated significantly; upregulation of miR-125a or knockdown of GDF11 enhanced the viability and inhibited apoptosis of hypoxic-reoxygenated hepatocytes; GDF11 was the target gene of miR-125a, and miR-125a negatively regulated the expression of GDF11 in hypoxic-reoxygenated hepatocytes. GDF11 reversed the effect of miR-125a on expression of apoptosis related molecules in anoxia reoxygenation hepatocytes. Conclusion: MiR-125a participates in the injury and repair of anoxia reoxygenation hepatocytes by targeting GDF11.