Objective: To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health status and sexual function of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by transurethral resection of the prostate, and to determine the predictors of HRQoL in this group of patients. Methods: Cross-sectional studies, descriptive studies, and correlation studies were performed. A total of 80 patients with BPH who underwent urology from Hai’an Hospital affiliated to Nantong University. The scores of 12 variables of the Health Survey (SF-12v2), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) were used as study variables. Results: The health status of the patients participating in the study was generally poor. The assessment of SF-12v2 showed better mental health. Transurethral resection of the prostate, more than one-quarter of patients with moderate LUTS, and 13.8% of patients with severe erectile dysfunction. Multiple linear regression analysis found that LUTS (B=−0.51, P=0.02) and maximum urinary flow rate (B=−0.23, P=0.02) predicted poor health, with a variance of 45.9% and anxiety (B=−1.07, P<0.01) and LUTS (B=−0.32, P=0.03) predicted poor mental health, accounting for 57.2% variance. Conclusion: Transurethral resection of the prostate is in poor health, mostly moderate LUTS, and sexual dysfunction. Clinical health care providers should pay more attention to patients with severe LUTS who have lower urinary flow rates or symptoms of anxiety. Nursing care can help patients maintain and build social support systems and improve their poor psychological state.