We reported here the case of a Chinese adult between Turner syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and thalassemia. When she was young, her short stature and puberty without menstrual was observed, then for a chromosome examination. The diagnosis was turner syndrome and she was start on the growth hormone and sex hormone treatment, to maintain the second sexual characteristics and improve height. So luckily her intellectual was not be affected. She never monitored complete blood count and blood sugar level in the adolescence. Eight years ago, she developed some symptoms such as dry mouth, polydipsia, polyuria, accompanied by weight loss, these called typical “three more than one less” symptoms. Use 24 h of blood sugar level and result of the C-peptide release test was basically 0, type 1 diabetes was diagnosed and insulin pump treatment was started. On July 24, 2017, her blood sugar level significant increased and testing of HbA1c level was 8.2 %, we admitted her immediately to the hospital with type 1 diabetes. We found thyroid dysfunction and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV), erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), erythrocyte mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrat (MCHC)’s level were lower than normal in the hospital. The small cell hypochromic anemia which our attention was identified as thalassemia by gene analysis (β-globin gene CDs71-72+A mutation). The clinical manifestation of Turner syndrome and type 1 diabetes was outstanding in the patient, and it was easily diagnosed and treated. But these may cover up some special diseases, such as thalassemia gene carriers. As a lifelong disease, thalassemia also can cause gonadal hypoplasia, and secondary autoimmune thyroid disease.