Objective: To investigate the effect of a disposable surgical hole towel combined with a brain surgery 3L film on patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods: Eighty patients who met the standard of PCNL from September 2016 to June 2017 in our hospital were randomly divided into an observation group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases) by random number table method. In the control group, the conventional paving method was applied, the operative field was attached to the brain surgery 3L film, and the observation group was treated with a disposable surgical hole towel combined with brain surgery 3L film to prevent the intraoperative lavage fluid soaking the operation list and the patient’s body. The effect of the two methods on the patient’s body temperature, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, anesthesia recovery time, incidence of hypothermia, and stone clearance rate after 3 months were compared. Results: The operation time was (87.17±13.32) min in the observation group and (91.45±11.20) min in the control group (t=1.553, P=0.124). There was no statistically significant difference in body temperature, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate between the two groups when they were in the operating room (P>0.05). During the 30 minutes of intraoperative stone breakage, 60 minutes of intraoperative stone breakage, and 60 minutes of surgery, the body temperature and contraction of the observation group were observed. The difference between pressure and heart rate and the control group was statistically significant (P<0.05). The anesthesia resuscitation time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (t=−2.864, P=0.005). The incidence of hypothermia was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (χ2=7.470, P=0.006), but 3 months after operation. The rate of stone clearance was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.105, P=0.745). Conclusion: The use of disposable surgical hole towel and brain surgery 3L film in PCNL can effectively prevent the lavage fluid from infiltrating the operation list and the patient’s body, keep the patient dry and clean during the operation, maintain the patient’s vital signs constant, shorten the patient’s anesthesia recovery time, and reduce the incidence of hypothermia, it is worth promoting in clinical practice.