Objective: To investigate the factors affecting the success of the first breastfeeding of normal full-term newborns in 2 h after natural childbirth. Methods: From November to December 2017, 135 cases of natural childbirth maternal were included. The routine obstetric care and health education of breastfeeding were given in the prenatal. Early maternal contact and early sucking was performed after childbirth and the skin to skin contact at least lasted 1 h. The start time, total duration of skin to skin contact, and the number and reason of interruptions in skin to skin contact were recorded. The first breastfeeding success rate in the first 2 h of life was assessed by the breast-feeding assessment tool (BAT). Univariate and multiple factor logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the of factors linked to failure to breastfeed within 2 h after birth. Results: The success rate of first breastfeeding in normal term newborns in 2 h after natural delivery was 75.6% (102/135). Univariate analysis showed that primipara (χ2=6.899, P=0.009), maternal nipple condition (χ2=17.687, P<0.001), infant skin contact interrupts (χ2=5.548, P=0.019) and early interruption (within 1h) (χ2=5.968, P=0.015) were associated with the success rate of breastfeed within 2 h after birth. Multivariate analysis showed that only primiparas (OR=1.572, 95% CI: 0.896–2.319, P=0.012), papillary (flat or poor status of pregnant women depression (OR=2.017, 95% CI: 0.735–3.164, P=0.004) and early infant skin contact interrupt (OR=1.354, 95% CI: 0.962–1.751, P=0.029) were the independent risk factors linked to failure to breastfeed within 2 h after birth. Conclusion: In the future, we should pay attention to the health education of primiparas and the intervention of nipple status and avoid early interruption of skin to skin contact caused by various nursing operations, so as to further improve the success rate of first breastfeeding for full-term newborns within 2 h after natural birth.