Objective: To observe the optimum dose of oxycodone for analgesic effect of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after uterine arterial embolization. Methods: Eighty patients with ASA physical status I–II, aged 35–57 years, undergoing uterine arterial embolization (UAE), were randomly divided into four groups (n=20). 10 minutes before the end of surgery, oxycodone 0.05 mg/kg (Group O₁–O₃) or 0.9% NaCl (Group C) were intravenously injected. And then, each patient was given PCIA, with solution including oxycodone 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mg/kg plus tropisetron 10 mg plus 0.9% NaCl (100 mL) in Group O₁–O₃ and no PCIA in Group C. The postoperative score of visual analogue scale (VAS) was maintained <4 points. When VAS scores >4 points or more, pethidine 50 mg was injected for remedy analgesia. Remedy analgesia and adverse reactions was recorded. Results: Compared with Group C, remedy analgesia was decreased significantly in Group O₁–O₃ (P<0.05); compared with Group O₁, rescue analgesia was decreased in Group O₂ and O₃ (P<0.05); there were no difference in Group O₂ and Group O₃ for rescue analgesia (P>0.05). For adverse reactions, there were no significant difference in Group C, Group O₁and O₂ (P>0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions of Group O₃ was significantly higher than Group C , Group O₁ and Group O₂ (P<0.05). Conclusion: The optimum dose of oxycodone for analgesic effect of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after uterine arterial embolization was 0.75 mg/kg.